Nestled in the lush hills of central Sri Lanka, Kandy is a city steeped in history, culture, and natural beauty. Known as the last capital of the ancient kings of Sri Lanka, Kandy is a UNESCO World Heritage site and is often referred to as the cultural capital of the island. Located approximately 115 kilometers from Colombo, Kandy is a must-visit destination for those looking to immerse themselves in Sri Lanka’s rich heritage, explore its stunning landscapes, and experience its unique traditions.
A Glimpse into Kandy’s Rich History
Kandy’s history is deeply intertwined with the country’s religious and cultural heritage. It was the last stronghold of the Sinhalese kings before the British colonial rule in 1815. The city played a pivotal role in the preservation of Sri Lankan culture and Buddhism during a time when the rest of the island was under European colonial influence. Today, Kandy remains a symbol of Sri Lankan identity and is home to some of the country’s most important religious and cultural sites.
The Sacred Temple of the Tooth Relic
The most iconic landmark in Kandy is the Temple of the Tooth Relic, or Sri Dalada Maligawa, one of the holiest sites in Buddhism. The temple houses the sacred tooth relic of Lord Buddha, which is venerated by Buddhists from all over the world. The relic has played a crucial role in Sri Lankan history, as it was believed that whoever possessed the tooth relic had the divine right to rule the country.
The temple itself is a stunning example of traditional Kandyan architecture, with its golden roof, intricate wood carvings, and beautifully painted walls. Visitors to the temple can explore its many chambers and shrines, where they can see the relic casket, attend daily rituals, and learn about the temple’s history. The Temple of the Tooth is also the focal point of the Esala Perahera, a grand annual procession that features traditional dancers, drummers, elephants, and a replica of the tooth relic being paraded through the streets of Kandy.
The Esala Perahera: A Cultural Extravaganza
One of the most spectacular events in Sri Lanka, the Esala Perahera is a ten-day festival held in Kandy in July or August. The festival is a celebration of the tooth relic and is considered one of the oldest and most grandiose religious ceremonies in the world. During the Perahera, the streets of Kandy come alive with vibrant processions that include hundreds of traditional dancers, musicians, fire-breathers, and elaborately decorated elephants.
The highlight of the festival is the final night, when the tooth relic is taken out of the temple and carried through the streets in a golden casket atop a beautifully adorned elephant. The Esala Perahera is a unique opportunity to witness Sri Lanka’s rich cultural heritage and is an experience that should not be missed.
Exploring the Royal Botanical Gardens
A visit to Kandy would not be complete without a trip to the Royal Botanical Gardens in Peradeniya, located just a short drive from the city center. Spanning over 147 acres, these gardens are among the finest in Asia and are home to more than 4,000 species of plants, including rare and endangered species, towering palms, and vibrant orchids.
The Royal Botanical Gardens were established in the 14th century and have since become a haven for plant lovers and nature enthusiasts. Visitors can stroll through the beautifully landscaped gardens, explore the orchid house, and admire the giant Javan fig tree, which spreads its branches over an area of more than 2,500 square meters. The gardens also have a rich history, having served as the headquarters for the Allied forces during World War II.
The Kandy Lake: A Tranquil Oasis
Located in the heart of the city, Kandy Lake is a serene body of water that offers a peaceful escape from the hustle and bustle of the city. The lake was created in 1807 by the last king of Kandy, Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe, and is surrounded by a shaded walkway that is perfect for a leisurely stroll.
The lake is dotted with small islands, one of which is said to have been used by the king’s harem. The waters of the lake reflect the surrounding hills and the temple spires, creating a picturesque setting that is perfect for photography. In the evenings, the lake is particularly beautiful, as the sun sets behind the hills, casting a golden glow over the water.
The Knuckles Mountain Range: A Hiker’s Paradise
For those who love the outdoors, the Knuckles Mountain Range, located to the northeast of Kandy, is a must-visit destination. Named after its resemblance to a clenched fist, the Knuckles Range is a UNESCO World Heritage site and is one of the most biodiverse regions in Sri Lanka.
The range is home to a variety of ecosystems, including montane forests, grasslands, and cloud forests, and is inhabited by a wide range of flora and fauna, some of which are found nowhere else in the world. The Knuckles offer some of the best hiking trails in Sri Lanka, ranging from easy walks to challenging treks that take you through dense forests, past waterfalls, and up to breathtaking viewpoints.
One of the most popular hikes in the Knuckles is the trek to the Mini World’s End, a sheer cliff that offers stunning views of the surrounding valleys and mountains. Another popular hike is the trail to the Manigala Rock, which offers panoramic views of the entire Knuckles Range.
Discovering Kandy’s Colonial Past
Kandy’s colonial past is evident in its architecture and landmarks, many of which date back to the British era. One of the most notable colonial buildings in Kandy is the Queen’s Hotel, a grand hotel that was once the governor’s residence. The hotel is a beautiful example of British colonial architecture, with its whitewashed walls, red-tiled roof, and colonial-style balconies.
Another important colonial landmark is the Kandy Clock Tower, which was built in 1950 to commemorate the visit of Queen Elizabeth II. The clock tower is located in the heart of the city and is a popular meeting point for locals and tourists alike.
Shopping for Handicrafts in Kandy
Kandy is also a great place to shop for traditional Sri Lankan handicrafts. The city is known for its skilled artisans who produce a wide range of handcrafted items, including wood carvings, brassware, silver jewelry, and batik fabrics. The Kandy Market Hall is a great place to find these items, as well as fresh produce, spices, and other local goods.
For a more immersive shopping experience, visitors can head to one of the many craft villages around Kandy, where they can see artisans at work and purchase items directly from the craftsmen. The village of Embekke, located about 13 kilometers from Kandy, is famous for its intricate wood carvings, while the village of Lankathilaka is known for its brassware and pottery.
A Taste of Kandy: Culinary Delights
No visit to Kandy would be complete without sampling some of the local cuisine. Kandy is known for its traditional Sri Lankan dishes, which are characterized by their bold flavors and use of fresh, local ingredients. One of the most popular dishes in Kandy is the Kandyan curry, a rich and flavorful dish made with a variety of spices, coconut milk, and either meat or vegetables.
Another must-try dish is the Kandyan kottu, a stir-fry made with chopped roti bread, vegetables, and meat, all cooked together with spices and a tangy sauce. For dessert, visitors can try the traditional Sri Lankan sweet called wattalappam, a rich coconut custard flavored with jaggery, cardamom, and nutmeg.
Day Trips from Kandy: Exploring the Surrounding Area
Kandy’s central location makes it an ideal base for exploring other parts of Sri Lanka. One of the most popular day trips from Kandy is a visit to the ancient city of Sigiriya, home to the iconic Sigiriya Rock Fortress. The fortress, also known as the Lion Rock, is a UNESCO World Heritage site and is considered one of the most significant archaeological sites in Sri Lanka. The climb to the top of the rock is challenging, but the views from the summit are well worth the effort.
Another popular day trip from Kandy is a visit to the Dambulla Cave Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage site that features a series of ancient cave temples filled with Buddhist statues and murals. The temple complex is one of the best-preserved in Sri Lanka and offers a fascinating glimpse into the country’s religious history.
For those looking to experience Sri Lanka’s wildlife, a visit to the Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage is a must. Located about 40 kilometers from Kandy, the orphanage is home to a large number of rescued and orphaned elephants. Visitors can watch the elephants being fed and bathed in the river, and even have the opportunity to interact with them up close.
Kandy is a city that offers something for everyone, whether you’re interested in history, culture, nature, or adventure. Its rich heritage, stunning landscapes, and warm hospitality make it a must-visit destination on any trip to Sri Lanka. Whether you’re exploring the sacred Temple of the Tooth, hiking in the Knuckles Mountain Range, or simply relaxing by Kandy Lake, you’re sure to be captivated by the beauty and charm of this unique city.